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K-W-L Chart
Students complete a three-column chart: What I Know, what I Want to know, and later, what I Learned.
This helps students activate prior knowledge, set learning goals, and then reflect on what they’ve actually learned — great for research tasks or new units.
Venn Diagram
Students use overlapping circles to compare and contrast two or more things.
It’s useful for spotting similarities and differences clearly, which is perfect for essays, debates, or analysing themes.
Mind Map
Students start with a central idea and branch out into related concepts or details that is updated each lesson.
This helps with brainstorming, organising ideas for writing, or breaking down complex topics into manageable chunks.
Flow Chart
A sequence of boxes/arrows that show steps in a process or cause-and-effect relationships.
Ideal for understanding processes (like experiments, historical events, or problem-solving steps) and seeing how one thing leads to another.
T-Chart
A simple chart with two columns, usually for pros/cons, facts/opinions, or strengths/weaknesses.
Helps students evaluate information quickly and organise arguments before writing or class discussions
Frayer Model
Students divide a page into four sections: definition, characteristics, examples, and non-examples of a concept.
This builds deeper understanding of vocabulary and key terms, moving beyond memorisation into application.
Cause and Effect Chart
Students list causes in one column and the resulting effects in another.
Makes it easier to analyse events, problems, or issues (especially in history, science, or social studies) and see the bigger picture.
Timeline
Students plot events in chronological order along a line.
Great for visualising sequences in history, literature, or projects, and spotting patterns or turning points.
Cornell Note-Taking Method
Students divide their page into three sections: notes, key ideas/questions, and a summary at the bottom.
Encourages active listening, clear organisation, and reflection after lessons — a great upgrade from “scribbling everything down.”
Double-Entry Journal
Students create two columns: one for quotes, problems, or ideas, and one for their responses.
Promotes critical thinking and personal engagement with texts, experiments, or case studies.
Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram)
A central “spine” with angled branches for different categories of causes leading to an effect.
Useful for problem-solving and identifying multiple factors that contribute to an outcome.
Hierarchy Chart
Information is arranged in levels, showing ranks or categories from most important to least.
Ideal for subjects like biology (classification), history (governments), or business (organisational structures).
Storyboard
A sequence of boxes for sketches, images, or key points.
Great for planning narratives, designing experiments, or mapping multimedia projects.
Matrix Chart (Comparison Table)
A grid with rows and columns to compare multiple items across different features.
Helps students evaluate options, spot similarities/differences, and organise research data clearly.